This church was built in the 8th century in the area of the forum of the Graeco-Roman city on the ruins of the temple of Dioscuri. From the 16th century, the early-Christian church was radically restructured by the architects Francesco Grimaldi and G.B. Cavagna.
The Latin cross interior has three aisles with side chapels. The vaulted roof is divided into various sections and frescoed by Massimo Stanzione to illustrate the deeds of the apostles Peter and Paul.
On the left side of the aisle there is the statue of the Guardian Angel by Domenico Antonio Vaccaro.The beautiful frescoes by Solimena in the sacristy show scenes of the Conversion of St Paul, the Fall of Simon Mago and the Virtues. In 1671 Dionisio Lazzari planned the extension of the façade of the Basilica, which retains two of the original Corinthian columns which decorated the pronaos of the ancient pre-Christian building.